tirsdag den 24. maj 2011

Rotenone in the environment

A seaowner want to convert the put-and-take lake on to a farm of crayfish (Crustacea), and is asking for permission to merge the remaining fish to death with the poison rotenone. Rotenone is an organic molecule which inhibits oxygen uptake in fish, and this diminishes with time after rotenone is added to the water. a) It, or rather the two processes as seen in Figure 1, takes place inside the cells of the fish, and more specifically, in the mitochondria. The first part of the citric acid cycle or Krebs'cycle, and the second part, which is interesting in terms of rotenone functioning in . As rotenone in one way or another inhibitor, the coenzymes FAD and NAD + ability to be oxidized, and thus they do not release the energy to restore ATP. (One could imagine that rotenone rendered void electron transfer from the free H + to one of the two coenzymes, this would then make sense). And since all these processes is in a great cycle, break it all together and say so. This means that all the oxygen that fish taken through its gills, can not be used because the metabolic processes get stuck, so you will see a fish in which all the hemoglobin is saturated, but is unable to deliver it to the cells that do not really need it. This will ultimately lead to death of fish caused by too little or no energy generation, representing an energy equivalent to the formation of its resting metabolism. b) Figure 2 (not shown, see assignment at the ministry's website) shows a graphical depiction of the relative oxygen uptake in the studied fish as a dependent factor of the time, and mark well after the substance rotenone added to the lake (or, as in our case, laboratory) water . It you look, is that oxygen uptake by the fish is as one would expect 100 (% probably or down so that the 100 is set at market value) and immediately after rotenone addition, oxygen uptake falls exponentially. And why the oxygen uptake falls by the fish is not due to what one might readily expect that any injury to the body oxygen uptake. But as I said, this is not the case, however, due to the declining oxygen delivery that simply can not be absorbed more oxygen, all the hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen, because of the rotenone effect as described above. c) Before one could allow the use of rotenone in the lake, you would examine various factors and impacts. One of the main effects we should examine was its action on the rest of their lives in the lake. After all, not just perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) living in lakes, but also a lot of other living organisms as small crustaceans, snails, frogs, salamanders, etc.. And these are just as many aquatic plants. And all these organisms do respiration in the same way as fish and us for that matter. So it would be natural to believe that rotenone also in these creatures would go in and brake , and thus not only showed the selected fish kill, but to beat the entire lake's life to death. You would also investigate rotenone degradation phase, so that the poison is not still in the lake when the newly purchased crayfish put out. In addition, you would see on the lake's topography, and see what it's emanations, ie whether it would continue to poison themselves further by river or stream so that it would spread from point-to line contamination, and also whether it would trickle down to the groundwater. You could also look at whether the substance, or its decay products are harmful to humans. And it could give long-term effects such as heritable changes (ie the substance is a mutagen) and it could cause allergic reactions or whether it actually could be carcinogenic. These studies could also provide the owner of the lake a hint whether he should take protective clothing on when he poured / dumped it in the lake. Immediately, I think it's a stupid solution to select, to poison all the lake's life and diversity. Had it been my lake, I'd ha 'kept a kind of "sale" so that many would benefit that perhaps many remaining fish in the lake, and then eventually lead a large network through the lake, or make some sort of electro-fishing for getting rid of the past (mainly perch). (This would also kill much of the lake's life, but could not be maintained in the ecosystem.)