"The 72nd plate from Ernst Haeckel's Art Form der Natur (1904), depicting organisms classified as Muscinae"
Purpose
The purpose of this study and associated report is to determine Sphagnum recording of different nutrients, and thus illuminate the different terms relating nutrient, however, the plants without roots.
Theory
Brief description of moss:
Genesis is a very artsrig group of plants which have the Latin name BRYOPHYTA - which in short means that they have no roots - which includes more than 26,000 species. And with so many different species of moss, their distribution is also great. They are found all over the globe, as long as a few criteria are met. There will be limited amounts of sunlight (not because they do not use sunlight, but because of increased sunlight allows increased evaporation), and so they require a relatively humid environment. The first criterion, with little sunlight seen fairly clearly. In the northern hemisphere can be on the north side of the trees look more moss than on the other side - which clearly indicates that the first criterion, which just says that the more sunlight, the more evaporation, thus worsening living conditions for moss are. In the southern hemisphere is the complete opposite is happening, and finally, at the equator and in forests with little sunlight moss on both sides of the trees.
Mosser, along with mushrooms, some of the first plants on earth - ie. approximately 1 billion years old, and all this time they have had ample time to artsdifferenciere and adapt to Earth's various environments. Very roughly speaking, one can say that plants and creatures of many species are old (for example, there are over 100,000 species of fungi and insects is more than ¾ of all animals on the planet). Mosser has not changed evidently much in their lifetime, suggesting that the basic "design" works quite well. They are today considered to be relatively simple plants, and one of the reasons for this view is their propagation. (Plant Life)
Mossers reproductive / fertility:
Most plants are diploid, so that they have two sets of chromosomes, each containing the same genetic material in their cells, this is not the case with mosses and other bryophytes, for that matter, is the haploid, meaning that they have only A single set of chromosomes. However, there are periods in mossens life cycle where it is diploid, but this is only during / after fertilization of the plant. The plant begins its life as a track (1) (which is often unicellular body of asexual reproduction in plants without flowers, such as ferns, mosses and fungi.) This is borne by the wind to a place it can fasten themselves. Here it will then form a so-called protonema (2), which is the first stage of plant life, but no true leaves. From there it will then further develop (3), and begin producing small shoots with leaves on, and slowly spreading to a larger and larger "might" of moss. Then the plant will produce sex organs (4) who will then make sexual reproduction, then when fertilized create a "bud" a so-called Sporophyte (5) of spores which spread again and the cycle continues - it must be said that just peat moss in addition to the gendered, also can reproduce asexually by simple division (mitosis). (Plant Life)
Sphagnum:
Sphagnum is just a group of many thousands of different species of moss. Just this type are usually found in the northern hemisphere, and here are the many places. In small and not too strong, streams, small lakes and ponds, meadows / heat. Sphagnum has historically been used for a variety of purposes. That which is most famous for is really the dead sphagnum which slowly becomes peat, which burns well, why these deposits of dead sphagnum because it grows at the top, but the door at the bottom. This were used extensively in the mid 1800s when the country was bankrupt, the fleet lost, and it all went bad in general. Then in 1866 started the visionary Mr Dalgas DDH, and destroyed much of the Danish heathland. Nowadays you would use it most to surbundsbede with eg rhododendron - and of course to make good Scotch whiskey with water running through the unit, and thus through several layers of peat moss, which gives the whiskey its golden color and flavor. (Jackson)
Inclusion of nutrients:
As I mentioned earlier, has no roots of mosses, but they absorb nutrients and water directly through plant cells, then throughout plantemembranen. Ie where normal vascular plants uptake of nutrients is a form of two-stage rocket (they must both liberate nutrients which sits tied for jordkolloiderne, and then incorporate them), this does not peat moss, they may just the last part, since nutrients ( which, however, generally are not too many in Sphagnum communities) are freely dissolved in water. When they must absorb these nutrients requires energy, since the concentration of salts within the plant is many times larger, it can not be achieved by simple diffusion, but there must be energy. Plants absorb the salts follows (applies to both vascular plants and mosses):
1: When the plant must incorporate the essential nutrients as potassium, magnesium, calcium and ammonium, this is done by creating a spændingsgradient between the plant interior and the exterior around it. This is done by separating protons (H +). And secretion of these occurs via the so-called ATP-ase complexes taking place in the plant cell membrane. Here, ATP is used to split water (H2O) to H + which is sent out from the cell, and OH-which are returned. But the fact that not all positively charged atoms migrate into the cell, which sits on the membrane transport proteins, such as allowing K + to wander into. They say that this transport is facilitated because it does not directly require energy, and this even though there is energy used to create spændingsgradienten. One could imagine that the free protons which had just been pumped out of the proton pump just would hurtle back, but the membrane is not permabel to protons, even if there is a big difference in concentration.
2: In and created a large potential difference and the negative part is inside the cell, leaving important nutrients such as NO3-, SO42-did not attract. These substances have planted a system known as symport. As I mentioned in the above, the free protons do not migrate through the membrane, but with an anion to the good. That is, it binds to one of the nutrients which have a negative charge. However, there is still a specific transport protein to shut down the molecule into. Again, the exchange of H + by the ATP-ase complex.
What is special about peat moss is that when it secretes protons there is nothing they can bind to (as opposed to the land where they can bind to jordkolloider), and that acidifies the water. Since it is precisely measure the concentration of H +, pH value is lower however, with this result the formula for calculation:-log [H +]. So you will in all these environments where moss grows find that the surrounding water has a low pH.
